The functionality of
Safari’s WebKit engine is available to you in the form of the UIWebView.

What we did

Created an application that loaded web pages.

1. Open Xcode:

2. Create a new Project (⌘+⇧+N). Make it a View-based
   Application
   

3. Name it Browser

4. Open BrowserViewController.h and add pointers for IBOutlets
   for urlField (a UITextField) and webView (a UIWebView).

5. This application brings up the keyboard. You will
   be managing a text field and you will want to dismiss the keyboard when the user either clicks a done button or presses return.

   To dismiss the keyboard, you need to tell the text field to give up its role
   as the first responder, meaning the component that initially receives
   the user input.
   [nameField resignFirstResponder];

   If you look up the documentation for UITextField, you’ll see that it has a delegate property
   that is defined by the UITextFieldDelegate protocol, a defined group of
   related methods.
   

   Look up this protocol and you’ll see it has numerous
   methods that alert the delegate of events relating to the text field. One
   of them is textFieldShouldReturn, which looks like what you need in order
   to know when the user has tapped return.

   Add
   the UITextFieldDelegate protocol declaration too.

   
@interface BrowserViewController : UIViewController <UITextFieldDelegate>{

6. Add an instance
   method to handle the clicking of the go button. It will be of type IBAction Name it handleGoTapped.Pass it (id)sender

   Instance methods follow the closed curly brace and precede the @end

7. Open the BrowserViewController nib in IB and create the User Interface.
   • A textField
   • A webView
   • A GO button

   Add a Placeholder in the textField so that the user knows to type http:// and set the keyboard to URL (⌘+1)

8. Make the connections.
   (control-click the text field to expose its outlets, and connect
   its Delegate to File’s Owner.)

9. Open up BrowserViewController.m. You’ll need to define the method to get the URL from
   the text field and have the web view load that site; this method will be
   called when the user clicks the Go button or when they hit Return
   on the pop-up keyboard.

   When the go button is pressed:

   1. Close the keyboard by calling resignFirstResponder on
      urlField

   2. Call loadURL on self

10. To create the loadURL method
    1. Create a pointer named url of type NSURL and set it to:

       [[NSURL alloc] initWithString: urlField.text]

    2. Create a pointer named request
       of type NSURLRequest and set it to
       [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL: url]

    3. Call loadRequest on webView and pass it request
    4. Release request
    5. Release url

11. Add the following method:
    -(BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField {

    }

12. Inside the method:
    1. Test if the textField equals the urlField

    2. Close the keyboard with resignFirstResponder
    3. Call loadURL on self
    4. Outside of the conditional, return YES

13. Implement autoroatation
    -(BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation {
return ((interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait) ||
(interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft) ||
(interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight) ||
(interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown));
}

14. Save, Build and Run

15. Enter a url to test

16. The most obvious thing lacking from
    the example is the usual forward and back buttons. You can
    implement them with the UIWebView‘s goForward and goBack methods. Provide a delegate that implements the UIWebViewDelegate.

Part 2

All the substantial work in this application is done
by the UIWebView. Once you’ve loaded the page, this view — backed
by the WebKit engine for rendering HTML, interpreting JavaScript, and
handling the network communication — does all the work for handling your web interactions, including submitting forms, navigating to new
pages, running client-side browser apps, etc.

Even if you’re not planning on developing a browser, the UIWebView
has other compelling uses. While UIKit doesn’t provide a styled text
component for iPhone apps, you can style HTML to your heart’s content
with CSS, and put that styled HTML into a UIWebView. In fact, this is
an excellent way to provide an about screen for your application, as
you can provide links to your application’s home page, e-mails for tech
support, or even dialable phone number links, all by just authoring
HTML.
To do this, instead of loading a page from the web, you can include
your HTML, CSS, and images in the application bundle, and then find
them inside the bundle. Making a URL from a path in the bundle is just
a matter of converting the path string to an NSURL:

1. Create a web page named mywebpage.html or use index.html

2. In the
   <head></head> section add the following:
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=320; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;"/>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />

3. Set css body margin to zero

4. Add the web page to your project. CTRL+click on Resources. Copy the file to your project.

5. Create an application like you made in part 1, Name it Browser2.

6. This application is the same as the previous except for the loadURLmethod. Create the IBOutlets and IBAction in the header file

7. Open Browser2ViewController.xib create a text filed, web view and button. Make connections and CTRL+click on the textField and link it to the FIle Owner’s delegate.

8. Open the Inspector and in the Text Field set the Text to webpage:

9. This application is the same as the previous except for the loadURLmethod. Open Browser2ViewController.m file and define the IBAction method and then create the loadURLmethod
   
   //fill in the blank with a keyword to show your page
   //I did webpage:
   NSRange range = [urlField.text rangeOfString: @"______:"];
   NSURL *url = NULL;
   if (range.location == 0) {
   // find the about page in bundle

   NSString *myPath =
   //fill in the blank with the name of your page
   [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"______"
   ofType:@"html"];
   url = [[NSURL alloc] initFileURLWithPath: myPath];
   } else {
   url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString: urlField.text];
   }
   if (url != NULL) {
   NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL: url];
   [webView loadRequest: request];
   [request release];
   [url release];

   }

10. Add the following method:
    - (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField {

    }

11. Inside the method:
    1. Test if the textField equals the urlField

    2. Close the keyboard with resignFirstResponder
    3. Call loadURL on self
    4. Outside of the conditional, return YES

12. Implement autoroatation
    -(BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation {
return ((interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait) ||
(interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft) ||
(interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight) ||
(interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown));
}

13. Save, Build and Run

14. Modify the loadURL method so that if the urlField is empty or if the urlField contains the text webpage:, your page gets loaded.

15. Add the ability to go forward and back

Probably not, but we are up to HelloWorld4.

So the class is small, but made up of students with very different programming backgrounds. Two of the students are very comfortable in the Revolution environment, but are having some difficulty getting used to the C syntax. The other four students have used Java and/or Arduino, and while the syntax is different, they are finding it easier to adapt what they know to what we are doing.

I find for some students pictures are essential.

HelloWorld04

1. Create a an image of yourself with the following dimensions:
   
2. Save it as a png on the desktop

3. Open Xcode and create a new project

4. Create a View Based application
   

5. Save it as HelloWorld04

6. Open up the HelloWorld04ViewController.h file

7. Create a UILabel pointer named label of type IBOutlet

8. Below the closed curly brace create an (IBAction) named hello and pass it (id)sender

9. Open the Implementation file and define the hello function so that the text of label is set to a message

10. Save the files

11. CTRL+click on the Resources folder and add the png. Make sure to Copy items into destination group’s folder(if needed)

12. Open up the main nib file

13. Double click on the HelloWorld04ViewController in the MainWindow.xib
    
14. Click on the link
    
15. From the library add a UIImageView

16. In the attribute window set the image to your png

17. From the library drag a UILabel onto the view. Adjust the size

18. Clear the Text in the Text field

19. Choose a color for the text in the attribute window

20. From the library drag a button on to the view and change the label on the button to Press Me

21. In the xib window click on File’s Owner and press ⌘+2.

22. Connect label to the label in the view.

23. connect hello: to the button and select Touch up inside

24. Save the xib file

25. Build and run

26. Modify the code so that the text keeps toggling between two expressions.
    
27. Add an NSLog() statement to print out the current text to the console.

28. Save the xib file

29. Build and run (⌘+⇧+R)

I’ve tried to prepare the kids for the work that is involved. I’ve told them that graduate students at ITP were told that their iPhone programming class was going to be harder than any other programming class they’ve taken. In spite of my warnings, no one was scared off.

To get the ball rolling without talking about Objective-C, students worked on 2 simple applications. The first one, which is included below, is your basic Hello World app. In addition to creating a label, students also got to create their own icons for their applications.

The second application was a View-Based Application that modified the code in the implementation file so that the content could turn when the device is turned.

Everyone in the class completed the first part. There were two students that were confused about what a .png was and renamed their photoshop images with the .png extensions. After struggling to get their icons to show up, I’m pretty sure they won’t make that mistake again!

Overall, everyone was engaged and the energy level was high. Not bad for the last class of the day.

Hello World

xib files used to be called nib files and Apple continues to refer to them as nib files regardless of their extention.

Nib files are composed of several parts

• File’s Owner
• First Reponder
• View—instance of UIView class

Part 1

1. Open Xcode and create a new project (⌘+ ⇧+N)
   

2. Select application under the iPhone icon on the left

3. In the right panel select Window-Based Application, then press Choose. Save the project
   
4. Double-click on the nib file to open
   Interface Builder
   

5. Open Library (⌘+⇧+L)
   

6. Scroll down until you see a label icon.
   

   ---

7. Drag from library to view

8. Open Inspector (⌘+ ⇧+I)
   
9. Modify label so that you pick a size, color, drop shadow and a message.
   

10. Save

11. In Xcode click on Build and Run

Interface Builder creates Objective-C objects and serializes those objects in to the nib file so that they can be loaded directly into memory at runtime.

Make sure that if you have an iPhone, your actual iPhone is not plugged into the computer while developing iPhone applications.

Part 2

1. Open your last project in the Simulator

2. Click on the Home Icon
   

3. Look at your application icon
4. You need to create a .png icon 57 x 57 pixels. In Photoshop create your icon. Don’t worry about applying the button effect to it, it will happen automatically. Save it as icon.png

5. Select the Resources folder and choose Add to Project from the Project menu and navigate to the icon. Choose Copy items into destination group’s folder(if needed).
   
6. In Xcode expand the Resources folder. Click once on Info.plist. This property list contains general information about the application you are building, including the name of the icon file.

7. Find the row with the label Icon file. Double click on the empty cell to the right of the label and type in the name of your png file
   
8. Locate Bundle identifier. The standard naming convention is to use com or org followed by a period, then the name of the organization, another period and the name of the application.

9. compile and run

Clearing out old icons

Under iPhone Simulator menu select Reset Content and Settings:

Over the year, I will write about my experiences teaching Physical Computing, IPhone programming, and 2D and 3D animation to kids. I’ll try to explore what worked and what didn’t, what I would do again, and what I wouldn’t.

I’ve learned so much from various people, books and websites, and I hope that by sharing my thoughts, successes and failures, I can give back to a community that I have gotten so much from.

This is my first blog. wish me luck!